Probasco/Bartoszewski/Bartos DNA Study Results

R67-Marker Results (refined test adds 30 additional markers to the 37-Marker test). You will note there are no red fast-mutating markers in this panel.

Results Summary

Our 12-marker results proved to be very valuable in that it showed that we fall within a rare group, with all 16 participants showing the value of 12 in the first marker DYS# 393. The usual value for DYS# 393 is 13. So that marker alone puts the Probascos into a smaller population group. We have been included in a study by a couple of researchers who are collecting information on those with DNA test results that have 12 as the value in DYS# 393 and are in the Haplogroup R1b, as we are. (See explanation below in Haplogroup - Ancient Origins of Probasco/Bartoszewski/Bartos.) Per these researchers, having 12 as the value for DYS# 393 and belonging to the R1b Haplogroup is an anomaly. Of the test results in the database of Family Tree DNA only about 1% have this combination. So this puts the Probascos into an even rarer population group.

From the results of 16 participants for the 25-marker test (the last 13 markers), it shows almost a near identical set of numbers with there only being a mutation in the 25th marker, DYS# 464d (which is a fast mutating marker) and in 1 participant one additional number different in DYS# 449 (which is also a fast mutating marker). Bennett Greenspan, president of FTDNA, says that pattern alone shows the original "Probasco Fingerprint", unique to Probascos. In other words, everyone tested who has gotten results is related and does tie to a common ancestor. The challenge is when.

Original "Probasco Fingerprint"

Bennett says the original "Probasco Fingerprint" showing up in the last 13 markers from the 25-marker test is:

16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 32 14 15 16 16

Five participants matched (11753, 11750, 14386, 11754, 62607)

The "Probasco Fingerprint" with one mutation (on a fast mutating marker):

16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 32 14 15 16 18

Six participants matched (11752,11751, 11749, 11746, 32249, 47714)

16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 32 14 15 16 17

Two participants matched (18285, 34234) To date we have not been able to identify this participants' ancestor. FTDNA suggests testing other subjects of this family.

The "Probasco Fingerprint" with two mutations (on fast mutating markers):

16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 33 14 15 16 16

One participant matched (11754)

"Probasco Ancestral Haplotype "

In working with Family Tree DNA studying the current participants' results and the known mutation characteristics of each DYS marker, we have been able to determine what the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " is. In other words, the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " represents George (Jurriaen) Probatski's 67-marker Y DNA sequence as listed in the above charts. Using the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " in comparison with results from each participant gives a better picture of how he relates to George (Jurriaen) Probatski.

With the exception of 5, all participants match the 25-marker "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype." According to FTDNA's "Interpreting Genetic Distance Report for 25 Markers", this shows the probability of a close relationship is very high for these participants. For the 4 participants that vary by 2 or 3 markers from the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype ", the "Interpreting Genetic Distance Report for 25 Markers" shows these participants as Probably Related. Where we have been able to tie them in as a close relationship to the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " is by finding "in-betweener" participants they closely match who tie them closer to the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype ". (In participant 11749, an anomaly at DYS markers 19 & 391 was converted back to the group result).

For example, 11751 varied from the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " by 3 markers. However, he varied by only 1 marker from 11746. Therefore, he is closely related to the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " through 11746. If you ignore the anomaly in 11749, he matches 11746 exactly. Even if you take the results as is, 11749 still is close to the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " through 11746. In other words, 11746 is closely related to the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " and 11751 and 11749 are closely related to 11746. Therefore 11746 is the "in-betweener" who proves the relationship to the "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype " for 11751 and 11749.

"Bartoszewski/Bartos Ancestral Haplotype"

Once we were able to establish to "Probasco Ancestral Haplotype," I went searching in other DNA databases to see if I could find others who matched or nearly matched these results. I found a near match in the Sorensen Database. Interestingly, it was a different surname, Bartoszewski, that matched on all but one marker in 25-markers. I was able to track down the person who tested for Sorensen and had him test through FTDNA. His results are listed under participant 63503. In turn, we increased the number of markers we tested to 37-markers for all participants, and also tested several for 67-markers. In the 37-marker results, he differed from the Probasco Ancestral Haplotype on 5 markers, including 3 fast mutating markers. In the 67-marker results, so far he only differs from the Probasco Ancestral Haplotype by 2 markers, with a total combined variation of 7 markers. We need to increase the number of markers tested for the remaining Probascos to get a more solid Ancestral Haplotype for 67-markers, and we also need to test others with the name Bartoszewski to also develop a more solid Ancestral Haplotype. However, our preliminary findings prove that Probasco and Bartoszewski share a most recent common ancestor in a genealogical time frame.

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Probasco DNA Test Results Plus Genealogical Information

It was recommended by FTDNA that I take the DNA test results and "marry them" to the genealogical information we currently have. We had 2 participants who served as our baselines as they had traced their lines back to two different sons of Christoffel Probasco (b. 1649) (son of George/Jurriaen Probatski) and Eytie Stryker (See Descendant Chart).  It is interesting to note here that each of these two (11752 and 11753) had one number different in their "Probasco Fingerprint", and that they traced their lines to Christoffel's sons, John (Jan) Probasco (b. 1680) and Jacob Probasco (b. 1682). Understand that one mutation can happen between brothers in the same family. After studying the various lines and genealogies, we have determined that the Ancestral Value for DYS464d is 16, and the mutation of the value of 18 in this marker occurred with the son, Jacob (b. 1682). John's line bears the original "Probasco Fingerprint" that ties closest to the Most Recent Common Ancestor.

Again, we have to consider all the variables here before we can make any solid conclusions, however, it is not out-of-line to surmise, with the addition of the genealogical information, that our baselines, 11752 and 11753, were descendants of brothers. This is where testing more Probascos will help us determine this tie more conclusively. 11751, 11749, 11746 show strong kinship with 11752 which means they are also probably descended from Jacob Probasco. There was some variation in the 12-marker test between 11751, 11749, 11746 and 11752 for which more research will be needed. Additionally, 11749 had two markers, DYS#19 and DYS#391, that varied from the other participants. I asked Bennett to have the lab recheck the results. The lab reconfirmed their results. Bennett said this was a case of 'convergence', a situation when a participant's DNA mutates over time away from its actual group close enough to another group to "look like" it should belong in another group, but doesn't. In plain English, it only shows the results for 11749 only slightly lessens his close connection to the family. My personal feeling is that this is an anamoly and actually, he is an exact match to 11746 and 1 step match from 11751. Recently we tested several generations in this line and have confirmed that these 2 mutations in 11749 happened withing a span of 3 generations, and this did turn out to be an anamoly.

11754, who had two mutations in his "Probasco Fingerprint" has a close affiliation with 11753, 11750 and 14386. He shared one mutation with 11753,11750 and 14386 and had one additional mutation. However, both mutations were in fast mutating markers which make them only slightly less related, and probably descend from John's line.

By "marrying" the current DNA results and the genealogical information we have, the theoretical conclusions we can make so far is that we have most likely tied our Probasco participants back to two brothers (John and Jacob) or the Most Recent Common Ancestors, and that George (Jurriaen) Probatski is the probable progenitor of Probasco Families in America. Early documentation for George (Jurriaen) Probatski and Christoffel Probasco seem to confirm this conclusion, especially in light of Christoffel changing his surname from Probatski to Probasco, and the surname only existed in America in those early years.

The tests results of 18285 and 34234 have introduced a new mutation to the "Original Probasco Fingerprint" which will require more research. The new mutation of the value of 17 for marker DYS# 464d is a new mutation or change in the Probasco Surname DNA Study. This change falls in between the results of John Probasco b. 1680 and Jacob Probasco b. 1682. First we must understand that mutations or changes in values of a marker can go up or down. In other words, the 17 could represent a change up from 16 or a change down from 18. Unfortunately, we hit a "brick wall" with the ancestor of this participant, Christopher Probasco who married Hannah Wood, with regular genealogical research. We were hoping the Probasco Surname DNA Study would give us a Probasco family to focus on as it has others in the study. It has been recommended by Bennet Greenspan of FTDNA that we test more from this family, finding participants from various generations and siblings to see where this mutation may have occurred. We will try to find if this new mutation represents a change in either John's or Jacob's line, or represents a whole new line descended from John's and Jacob's parents, Christoffel Probasco and Eytje Stryker.

One of our newer participant's, 32249, 25-marker test results exactly matched our baseline participant, 11752, who ties to the above listed brother, Jacob Probasco b. 1682. This participant descends from Joseph Probasco b. 1771 in New Jersey, and he is the first Joseph to be so named in the Probasco family line. Joseph is the son of Jacob Probasco and Antje Hall per baptismal records. Most of the published genealogies to-date show Jacob Probasco who married Antje Hall as the youngest son of Christopher Probasco and Sara Ammerman, who is the oldest son of the brother, John b. 1680, listed above. The DNA test results disagree with that finding, and show that this family actually descends from the other brother, Jacob b. 1682. More genealogical research will be needed to prove how Joseph's parents, Jacob Probasco and Antje Hall, descend from Jacob Probasco b. 1682 and his wife, Maria Van Liew.

Another interesting finding with these latest results shows where another mutation or change found in previous results now clearly marks the descendants of one Probasco family. Genealogy research has shown a strong preponderance of evidence that Joseph Probasco b. 1771 was a brother of Jacob Probasco b. 1768 who both lived in Sussex County, New Jersey. Descendants from both brothers are in the Probasco Surname DNA Study. The results for Joseph's descendant, 32249, exactly matched the results for one of Jacob's decendants, 11746, except for a one-step mismatch at marker DYS# 390. Joseph's descendant, 32249, had the Probasco Ancestral Result value of 24 in marker DYS# 390. Test subjects who are descendants of Jacob Probasco b. 1768 exhibit a value of 23 in marker DYS# 390. Therefore, we can conclude that future test participants who exhibit the value of 23 in marker DYS# 390 are descendants of Jacob Probasco b. 1768.

See the above information, explained in a graph format, which is easier to understand at Probasco Phylogenetic Tree and Explanation.

We have uncovered a considerable amount of information since the beginning of our Probasco Surname DNA Study, but we need to further test more Probascos. There are family lines of Probascos that are currently not represented in the study. Our goal is to test as many Probascos from as many different family lines as possible. With this information we hope to trace every Probasco family back to Juriaen Probatski, our families founding father.Your participation is VERY MUCH needed. If you would like to participate, please contact me. You will become part of a ground-breaking study which will have far-reaching results for our descendants.

Bartoszewski DNA Test Results Plus Genealogical Information

We are only able to trace back the Bartos/Bartoszewski family involved in our study to Ferdinand Bartoszewski b. 1846 in Poland. He married Marianna Kossowska there and nothing more is known about him. Their son, Stanislaus (Stanley Walter) Bartoszewski b. 1878 in Poland immigrated to America about 1903 where he married Francisca (Frances) Wunderlich who was also born in Poland. They had 7 children. We are trying to get others with the name Bartos and Bartoszewski to participate in our DNA study to see if we can take this line back further.

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Haplogroup - Ancient Origins of Probasco/Bartoszewski/Bartos

What is a Haplogroup? Genealogists are interested in finding connections between families on a time scale of centuries, and the mutation rate of Y DNA markers is such that they are a good choice for that kind of work. Haplogroups are defined by patterns seen in the values of these slowly mutating markers. Anthropologists break down the Y-chromosome into branches called Haplogroups or Clades. Identification of your Y-chromosome Haplogroup can provide an interesting glimpse into the deep ancestry of your paternal line.

I had 2 participants from the Probasco Surname DNA Study take an additional test, called a SNP test, which determines which Haplogroup you belong to. I used participants that had markers from each Probasco brother, John and Jacob. Results from this test show Probascos are R1b1. What this means is that we definitely descend from Europe, and are probably not Jewish by blood. Some tradition has it that the Probascos were Jewish in Spain and left Spain during the Inquisition about 1492. This does not debunk the tradition, but does show that if Probascos were Jewish in Spain, they were probably converts to the faith.

The Haplogroup R1b is defined by the SNP test as P25. Both of our participants exhibited P25. R1b1 shows one mutation or change from that line. Or here is another way to look at it. Each Haplogroup starts out as undifferentiated, in the case of the R Haplogroup, beginning with R1, call him the original male in the line. He is the "Adam" of the R line, if you will. Each change following the R1 indicates a mutation or change. R1a or R1b is a one-step mutation or change in that Haplogroup, with R1b1 being a second mutation in that line. Here is an easier way to look at it:

R1 = Progenitor or Forefather of the line

R1a - 1st Son

R1a1 - Descendant of 1st Son

R1b - 2nd Son

R1b1 - Descendant of 2nd Son

Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European populations, with more than half of men with European descent belonging to R1b. The members of Haplogroup R1b are thought to be the descendants of the Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who arrived in Europe before the last Ice Age about 40,000 years ago (Aurignacian culture). It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10,000-12,000 years ago. R1b forbears were the people who painted the beautiful art in caves in Spain and France. They were the contemporaries (and maybe the exterminators) of the European Neanderthals.

There are additional studies currently in progress studying the R1b1 population who have the value 12 in DYS393 as we do. They are hoping to further focus in on the ancient origins of this Haplogroup. Our Probasco Surname DNA Study is part of this ongoing research. As I get results from this additional study, I will add them to this page.

Haplotype - Recent Origins of Probasco/Bartoszewski/Bartos

Within the Haplogroups are Haplotypes. Haplotypes are derived from select DNA markers and basically can identify genetic relatives and their populations. The DNA results listed above make up our Haplotype. In my research, I have been able to access an international forensics database for Europe. This database was developed by different genetics and forensics labs all over the world to try to determine Haplotypes and their population locations in Europe. George (Jurriaen) Probatski's Ancestral Haplotype is the Haplotype I used. Our Haplotype has turned out to be very unique so I knew any matches in this database would definitely be related to us. Recently, I revisited the European forensic database to see if we had any new matches, as they update their database regularly. We continue to have the most matches in Poland.

Southern Poland [Polish] (around Krakow)

Nowy Sacz, Poland [Polish] (also in Southern Poland, in province next to Krakow)

Bydgoszcz, Poland [Polish] (pronounced bid-gosh)

Gdansk, Poland [Polish] (Northern Poland)

Novi Sad, Serbia [Slovakian] (added 11/4/2010)

Prague, Czech Republic [Czech]

Greifswald, Germany [German]

Madrid, Spain [Spanish]

Belem, Brazil (Admixed Brazilian) (added 11/4/2010)

Marajo, Brazil (Admixed Afrobrazilian) (added 11/4/2010)

The majority of matches are in Poland with most in South Poland (including Nowy Sacz), and a lesser amount in Bydgoszcz and Gdansk. Only a few are located in Prague, Serbia, Greifswald and Madrid. We know from information found in the Dutch notarial archives that Juriaen was of Breslau, Silesia which is now Wroclaw, Poland. With the above matches it looks like the majority of the family remained in Poland and near vicinity.

The last known location we have for the Bartoszewski family, that closely matches our Haplotype, is Poland. However, in studying Polish history we have been able to locate those with the surname, Bartoszewski, as far back as the 1400's. I will be expanding on this further.

Be sure to check back with this page often as I will update it as the rest of the results come in!

Go back to Probasco Home Page / Go back to Probasco/Bartoszewski/Bartos DNA Study

• **All Probasco and affiliated surname information, research and family trees are welcome. For suggestions or information sharing, please email me.

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